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NORTH BERWICK
LINKS IN THE 1890s
by DOROTHY CAMPBELL


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Famous North Berwick Golfers
Willie Anderson    Jimmy Thomson    Ben Sayers    Dorothy Campbell    Fred McLeod

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Jack White
Golf Professional
Born: 15th August 1873, Pefferside
Died: 1949, Gullane, East Lothian

[Jack White]
Jack White in 1913
© Digitalsport UK

 History of Golf at North Berwick.

[13th on West
Links]
13th 'Pit' West Links, North Berwick
© Digitalsport UK

 West Links
 East Course
 Gullane
 Muirfield
 Dunbar
 Musselburgh

[Pefferside Cottage, Whitekirk]
Pefferside Cottage where Jack White
was born in 1873
   © Digitalsport UK

[18th East Course]
18th East Course, North Berwick
© Digitalsport UK

  White wins 1904 Open
at Sandwich

By Douglas Seaton
North Berwick Factfile

JOHN WHITE was born at Pefferside, situated between Scoughall and Lochouses, four miles east of North Berwick. The property was owned by the father of the well known East Lothian golfer Johnny Laidlay who White caddied for when he won the Amateur Championship in 1889. His father James White was an agricultural worker and later a greenkeeper while his mother Emily White (nee Thomson) came from a fishing family. Jack or Jock White as he was known, was educated at Dirleton School and from the age of 10 caddied at North Berwick where he apprenticed as a clubmaker with Tom Dunn. When Dunn left Jack White reverted back to caddying and was granted a professional license on the West Links on 12th May 1891.

At the age of sixteen, White finished third in a local pro tournament, behind his two uncle's Davie Grant and Ben Sayers. In 1892, Mr John Penn MP for Lewisham was proprietor of Archerfield Estate and he engaged Jack White to look after the private golf course. That year White played in the Open Championship at Muirfield and finished eleventh which was an outstanding achievement for a teenager. White was appointed professional for a year at York Golf Club, a winter post he combined with being professional at North Berwick. White was also a stuffy match-player and as a youngster would not think twice about challenging the best players of the day. Although he did not win as much money as others, the brag matches made him into a tough aggressive competitor.

Jack White was the closest the Honourable Company ever came to appointing a professional at Muirfield.

In 1893 at Prestwick he again occupied eleventh place on 335. He was professional for six months at Chesterford, then Saffron Walden before moving to the Royal Worlington course at Newmarket, and then to the Prince's club in Mitcham for two years. In 1898 when he was thirteenth in the championship at Prestwick, White was professional at Seaforth in East Sussex, and when he stood second to Harry Vardon at Sandwich in 1899, winning £20, he again entered from Seaforth.

On that occasion White created a record for the course (75), which stood for many years. He was fourth at St. Andrews in 1900, sixth at Muirfield in 1901, twelfth at Hoylake in 1902, and third the following year at Prestwick with 308.

" Jack White continued the tradition of the Challenge Matches after Kirkaldy, Sayers and Park had passed their peak in 1899. When the new breed of professional like Vardon, Braid and Taylor arrived the exhibition matches became more popular, and by 1905 the team matches between Scotland and England attracted the backers."

His clubmaking was renowned and he won the Silver Medal for his driver and brassie at the International Golf Exhibition in Deal in 1909. This was somewhat ironic as his contemporaries record that the only weakness in his game was with the wooden clubs. He was a sound iron player, but it was his outstanding quality as a putter which stood him apart. He used a blade putter, and when faced with a short left to right, or right to left breaking putt, he would hook the ball off the toe of the putter, hitting it straight. A technic first used by Willie Dunn Sen.

Jack White was one of the original members of the PGA, and in 1902 he was appointed professional at the new Sunningdale course, where he remained for over 25 years. It was from there he entered the 1904 Open at Royal St. George's, which that year attracted 144 competitors, and an extra day was required. The Open started on Wednesday and it took until 7 o'clock in the evening before the first round was completed. Robert Thomson from North Berwick equaled the course record 75, set by Jack White in 1899 and led the championship after the first round. Jack White scored progressively lower rounds-80, 75, 72 and 69-and his aggregate of 296, was the first time the 300 barrier was broken in the event.

During that Open, James Braid was the first player to break 70 when he scored 69 in the third round. However Jack White matched that in the final round to win by one stroke. Braid had to settle for a share of second place with J.H. Taylor, who in the fourth round established a new championship record 68. White received the gold medal and 50 pounds in prize money.

White received over 300 letters and telegrams, including one from his former Parish Church Sunday School teacher, the Rev. John Kerr at Dirleton. When White finished second to Vardon at Sandwich in 1899, he presented Kerr with the driver he had used, and again after his Open triumph, he presented Kerr with the driver. Sunningdale marked his Open victory by giving him a pay raise, a rent-free cottage and 75 pounds. Jack White returned to Dirleton in 1911 to marry his childhood sweetheart Elizabeth Miller, she was a member of the Dirleton Parish Church Choir.

[15th 'Redan' West Links, North Berwick]
15th 'Redan' on the West Links, North Berwick   © Digitalsport UK

Following his triumph, Jack White received many offers to play in exhibition matches including one from the American magazine 'Golf'. They proposed to sponsor Jack White's trip to the USA to play the top golfers. The highlight being a head to head between the British champion and Willie Anderson, the American champion. Although Jack White was six years older than Anderson, he would have been aware of the head greenkeeper's son at North Berwick. In the 1890s, like many youngsters, Anderson would caddie after school and hang around the club makers workshop along with Jack White and the other professionals.

With the national championship's of America and Great Britain in the hands of North Berwick men, this was a golden era for the town with a population of only 2,200. Unfortunately the battle to be 'world champion golfer' did not materialise as Jack White suffered from ill health and could not make the journey. The Sydney Morning Herald in Australia reported that Jack returned to North Berwick to convalesce and visit his parents. His only exercise was confined to playing bowls on the North Berwick green.

In 1905, White was amongst a group of professionals including Willie Anderson, Sandy Herd, Andrew Kirkaldy, Rowland Jones and Tom Vardon who were invited to San Pedro de Los Pinos in Mexico to play a series of exhibition matches. The President of the Mexican Country Club wanted to promote winter golf in the region, and attract the American's over the border.

In December 1905, Jack White sailed the Atlantic from Liverpool on the steamer S.S. Carmania with Ben Nicholls (New York G.C), Alex Herd (Huddersfield) and Rowland Jones (Wimbledon Park). They arrived in New York on 8th January 1906 and took a special train journey to Mexico. The event was won by Willie Smith with Willie Anderson second and Alex Herd third. In February 1906, when the group returned to the USA a number of the British pro's stayed over to play Pinehurst and Palm Beach while Willie Anderson sailed with Jack White back to Scotland.

During Jack White's time at Sunningdale his most famous customer was Bobby Jones. Jack made the driver Bobby Jones used for many years. It was at Sunningdale that Bobby Jones shot 66 in the qualifying round for the Open Championship in 1926. Described as the 'greatest round of golf ever played', Jones had 33 shots and 33 putts. Sunningdale was also the venue for the News of the World Match Play tournament from 1903 and the blue ribbon amateur event - the Golf Illustrated Gold Vase from 1910. At this time White employed six club makers.

Jack White was the nephew of Ben Sayers and Davie Grant, and his brother-in-law, Wilfred Thomson was professional at the Hermitage County Club in Virginia. Walter Travis, the first overseas golfer to win the British Amateur Championship in 1904, co-authored a book with Jack on ' the game within a game' called The Art of Putting. Australian born Walter Travis won the British title using a centre-shafted putter, which was subsequently banned for many years. He also won the U.S. Amateur Championship three times, and was a contemporary of Dorothy Campbell from North Berwick.

" At the 1909 International Golf Exhibition at Deal,
Jack White won the Silver Medal for his driver and brassie."
In 1914, Jack White took part in a week long indoor exhibition at Harrod's in London with Ted Ray, George Duncan and Harry Vardon. This was the first of numerous department stores using demonstrations and free lessons to sell their sports merchandise.

At the start of WW1 Jack White enlisted as a private in the London Scottish regiment. His wife continued the business with two young lads helping. Jack had eight club makers, six were conscripted into the army and two went to Woolwich Arsenal.

Norman Hunter, the well known Cambridge University amateur golfer was captain of Sunningdale G.C. at this time. Hunter was a familiar figure at North Berwick playing with Freddie Tait and Harold Hilton. Norman Hunter enlisted in WW1 and was killed at Ypres on 16th June 1915, aged 36 years. He was a Lieutenant in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment.

Maurice Bowyer, a former apprentice at Sunningdale, later said Jack White was sacked in 1926 for 'drinking and womanising' and almost immediately after that event he formed the Jack White Golf Co. and returned to Gullane were he started a club making business in a two storey building (now demolished) in Goose Green Mews. His first apprentice was W. J. 'Bud' Russell, son of Sandie Russell, the starter at Gullane No.1 course. Bud Russell emigrated to Australia in 1930 and was appointed pro at Barwon Heads Golf Club, Victoria where he remained for 57 years. Another apprentice, Hugh Watt became professional at Barnton, before being appointed to Gullane Golf Club. White opened a successful golf equipment shop at 2 Rosebery Place and for many years gave evening class lessons on the art of club making which were very popular.

In 1928, Jack White asked the Honourable Company for permission to open a professional shop at Muirfield. This was granted, but to avoid conflict with the clubmaster who had previously sold golf balls to the members, White did not pursue the matter. In 1938, he was appointed professional and starter to the newly opened course at Monktonhall (Musselburgh Golf Club). Jack White died 24th March 1949 at 30 Mortonhall Terrace, Musselburgh and remains the only East Lothian golfer to have won the Open Championship. There are three fine examples of his clubmaking skills in the British Museum of Golf,including a mashie-niblick c 1904; a jigger c 1915 ; and a mid-iron c 1925.

[Jack White Poem] Charles Gibson was a clubmaker with Tom Dunn at North Berwick while Jack White was serving his apprenticeship. Gibson was appointed clubmaker to the Royal North Devon Golf Club at Westward Ho! where he trained J. H. Taylor, five times Open winner. Jack often visited his former colleague and it was custom to leave a short poem in the family autograph book in appreciation of their hospitality.

How green the fields, the flowers so fair,
How bright the sun that ower us passes,
How useless these if that there were,
Nae honest men, nor bonnie lasses.

© Rodger Gibson (grandson) South Carolina.

Copyright © Douglas C. Seaton 2010, All Rights Reserved.